techjaiveer

  Cloud computing is the on-demand delivery of computing services — such as servers, storage, databases, networking, software, and analytics — over the internet. Instead of buying and maintaining physical hardware, you rent resources from a cloud provider (like AWS, Microsoft Azure, or Google Cloud) and pay only for what you use. Instead of buying a computer or server, you use someone else’s powerful computer (like Amazon, Microsoft, or Google) through the internet. You don’t have to worry about fixing, upgrading, or maintaining it — the company does it for you. You just pay for what you use, like paying electricity or mobile recharge. Simple Example When you use Google Drive to save files, you’re not storing them on your own computer — you’re using Google’s computers (the cloud). When you watch movies on Netflix , the videos come from cloud servers, not from your personal device. Rank Cloud Provider Strengths 1 Amazon Web Services (AWS) Largest market share, wide services (AI...

  pwd → Show current directory ls → List files ls -l → Long listing ls -a → Show hidden files cd /home → Change directory cd .. → Go up one level mkdir test → Create directory rmdir test → Remove empty directory touch file.txt → Create empty file cp file1 file2 → Copy file mv file1 file2 → Move/rename file rm file.txt → Delete file rm -r dir → Delete directory recursively find / -name file.txt → Search file tree → Show directory tree whoami → Show current user id → Show user ID info who → Show logged-in users w → Show active users adduser user1 → Add user passwd user1 → Set password usermod -aG wheel user1 → Add user to group groups user1 → Show groups deluser user1 → Delete user su user1 → Switch user Command: lsblk Notes: Lists block devices (disks, partitions). Command: df -h Notes: Shows mounted filesystems and usage. Command: sudo fdisk -l Notes: Lists disk partitions. Command: du -sh /dir Notes: Shows total size of a directory. Com...

Q: What does VLAN stand for? A: Virtual Local Area Network. Q: Purpose of VLAN? A: To logically segment a network into smaller broadcast domains. Q: VLAN range in Cisco switches? A: 1–4094. Q: Default VLAN on Cisco switches? A: VLAN 1. Q: VLAN type used for management? A: Management VLAN. Q: VLAN type used for voice traffic? A: Voice VLAN. Q: Command to create VLAN in Cisco IOS? A: vlan <id> . Q: VLAN tagging standard? A: IEEE 802.1Q. Q: Native VLAN default ID? A: VLAN 1. Q: VLANs reduce what type of traffic? A: Broadcast traffic. Q: Can VLAN span multiple switches? A: Yes, using trunk ports. Q: VLANs improve what? A: Security and efficiency. Q: VLAN membership types? A: Static and dynamic. Q: Static VLAN assignment method? A: Manually configure port to VLAN. Q: Dynamic VLAN assignment method? A: Using VMPS (VLAN Membership Policy Server). Q: VLAN hopping attack exploits what? A: Misconfigured trunk ports. Q: VLANs separate what? A: Layer 2 broad...

  Networking 1. Difference between Hub, Switch, and Router Hub: Sends data to all devices (broadcast). Example: If PC1 sends a file, all PCs receive it, even if only PC2 needs it. Switch: Sends data only to the destination MAC. Example: PC1 → PC2 directly, no unnecessary traffic. Router: Connects different networks. Example: Your home router connects LAN to the internet. 2. OSI Model and Layers Seven layers: Physical (cables, signals) Data Link (MAC addresses, Ethernet) Network (IP addressing, routing) Transport (TCP/UDP, reliability) Session (manages sessions) Presentation (encryption, compression) Application (user interface, HTTP, SMTP) Example: Sending an email uses all layers. 3. TCP vs UDP TCP: Reliable, connection‑oriented. Example: Web browsing, email. UDP: Fast, connectionless. Example: Streaming, gaming. 4. IP Address Classes & Subnetting Class A: 1–126, large networks. Class B: 128–191, medium. Class C: 192–223, small. Subnetting: Divides a network into smal...

What is Outlook primarily used for? → Email What feature schedules meetings? → Calendar What feature stores contacts? → People What feature manages tasks? → Tasks What feature shows upcoming events? → Agenda What feature filters unwanted mail? → Junk What feature organizes mail automatically? → Rules What feature groups related emails? → Conversation What feature provides offline access? → Cached What feature integrates with Teams? → Integration What feature shows unread count? → Badge What feature highlights important mail? → Focused What feature stores attachments online? → OneDrive What feature allows multiple accounts? → Profiles What feature secures login? → MFA What is the default mail protocol for Outlook? → MAPI What protocol syncs mail with Exchange? → EAS What protocol retrieves mail? → IMAP What protocol downloads mail? → POP3 What protocol sends mail? → SMTP What feature delays sending mail? → Delay What feature recalls sent mail? → Recall What feature auto‑responds when aw...

  What does LAN stand for? → Local What does WAN stand for? → Wide What does MAN stand for? → Metropolitan What does PAN stand for? → Personal What does VPN stand for? → Virtual What does ISP stand for? → Provider What does IP stand for? → Internet What does MAC stand for? → Address What does DNS stand for? → Domain What does DHCP stand for? → Dynamic What does HTTP stand for? → Hypertext What does HTTPS stand for? → Secure What does FTP stand for? → File What does SMTP stand for? → Mail What does POP3 stand for? → Post What does IMAP stand for? → Access What does VoIP stand for? → Voice What does URL stand for? → Locator What does ARP stand for? → Resolution What does RARP stand for? → Reverse What does ICMP stand for? → Control What does SNMP stand for? → Management What does Telnet provide? → Remote What does SSH provide? → Secure What does Ping test? → Connectivity 📡 Devices & Hardware (26–50) Device connecting LAN segments → Switch Device connecting different networks → R...